There are many types of tumors that affect the foot, and many are benign.
Two of the most common types are ganglion cysts and plantar fibromas.
Ganglion cysts are also known as bible cysts because common treatment was hitting them with a bible so that the cyst would burst. Ganglion cysts are more common in younger people, while plantar fibromas are more common in older people.
Ganglion cysts often occur on the top of the foot, but are also very common on the hand. The cysts are fluid-filled, occur at joints, and often change size. Ganglion cysts are usually observed for any changes unless they reach a size that causes pain or pressure on nerves or arteries. Immobilization of the area is also sometimes helpful because activity often causes the cyst to increase in size. If they reach a large size, then further treatment may be beneficial. Further treatment of ganglion cysts usually consists of draining the fluid with a needle, or aspiration. Aspiration of the fluid is not always successful because the root of the cyst may remain, and the cyst will return. Surgical treatment may be recommended for recurring ganglion cysts.
Plantar fibromatosis is the most common benign tumor on the bottom of the foot. Plantar fibromatosis is also known as Ledderhose’s disease, which is a thickening of the foot’s plantar fascia. Over time the lump increases in size, and may start causing pain or limitations in activity. This type of benign tumor is often associated with a family history of the disease, or patients with diabetes. Initial treatment is off-loading to avoid direct pressure or worsening of the tumor. Corticosteroid injections and cryotherapy are often used initially before surgical options are considered. Surgical removal of a plantar fibroma is more difficult than removing a ganglion cyst, which is why more conservative therapy is recommended unless conservative methods have failed.
Ganglion cysts and plantar fibromatosis are only two of many types of possible tumors, but they are the most common benign tumors presenting in the foot. These are both very manageable conditions, but with any lump or bump in the foot it is important to see your Podiatrist to rule out something more serious.
Brian Timm, DPM, FACFAS
Diplomate: American Board of Podiatric Surgery
Board Certified in Foot Surgery
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